Do you remember I/GCSE Chemistry regarding metal extractions? In AS/A-level Chemistry, we will study more in-depth about it!👩🏫
Iron
Reducing Agent and reasons:
Condition:
|
Social/ Environmental/ Economic Considerations:
|
Copper
Reducing Agent:
- Carbon/ Carbon monoxide
- Scrap iron
Condition:
- High temperature to decompose the carbonate, then add the carbon.
- Cu2+ with dilute acid spray and add bacteria.
Reduction Equation:
1. CuCO3 ➔ CuO + CO2 CuO + C ➔ Cu + CO |
2. Cu2+(aq) + Fe (s) à Cu (s) + Fe2+(aq)
Social/ Environmental/ Economic Considerations:
1. Metal produced contained carbon impurity
2. Low energy cost
Using waste material- recycling scrap iron rather than adding to landfill.
Scrap iron is available and cheaper to buy than copper is to sell.
Aluminum
Reducing agent and reasons:
|
Conditions:
Reduction Equation
|
Social/ Environmental/ Economic Considerations:
|
Titanium
Reducing agent:
- Reacted with coke and chlorine at 1137K to produce titanium chloride.
- Then this is reacted with sodium or magnesium at 1300K in an argon atmosphere. (Na or Mg)
Condition:
|
Reduction equation:
TiO2 + 2C + 2Cl2 ➔TiCl4 + 2Cu |
TiCl4 + 4Na ➔ Ti + 4NaCl OR TiCl4 + 2Mg ➔ MgCl2 + Ti
Social/ Environmental/ Economic Considerations:
|
Tungsten
Reducing agent: Hydrogen
Condition: High temperature
Reduction equation: WO3 + 3H2 ➔W +3H2O
Social/ Environmental/ Economic Considerations:
|
References:
https://secondaryscience4all.wordpress.com/2014/07/21/iron-extraction-blast-furnace/
https://ibchem.com/IB/ibnotes/full/ope_htm/hall_cell.htm
This is the end of the topic!
Drafted by Cherry (Chemistry)