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I/GCSE Physics - Kinetic Theory

2.1.3 - Kinetic Theory

· kinetic theory,Liquid,Gas,igcse physics,gcse physics

Physics Kinetic Theory

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Conduction

  • A concept of I/GCSE physics, Conduction is the transfer of heat through solids,
  • Conduction works best in metals
  • Metals contain free electrons which gain energy when they gain heat, they are then able to pass kinetic energy along the metal.
  • Metals are therefore good conductors • Other materials don’t contain free electrons.
  • They are bad conductors but good insulators.
  • Insulators keep heat in.

Convection

  • Convection is heat transfer in liquids and gases (fluids)
  • Convection can happen because as particles get warmer they become less dense and rise.
  • The warmer particles are then at the top of the liquid/gas although the thing heating the liquid is at the bottom.
  • The particles at the bottom rise as they are less dense and the colder particles fall.
  • This is how the whole liquid/gas gets heated.

Radiation

  • Radiation is the heat transfer that doesn’t require any particles
  • All things give off Infrared radiation
  • The warmer an object is the more radiation is given off
  • Dark, matt surfaces are good emitters and absorbers of infrared radiation
  • Light, shiny surfaces are good reflectors of radiation but poor emitters and absorbers.
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Condensation and Evaporation

  • Evaporation is when a liquid turns into a gas
  • Particles have different energies in a liquid and therefore some escape and become 
  • The particles left over  in the liquid have a lower average kinetic energy than before.
  • The liquid cools down
  • Condensation is when a gas turns into a liquid
  • Particles in gases have different energies
  • When a particle doesn’t have enough energy to be a gas it condenses and forms bonds with the other particles.
  •  This creates energy.
  • To increase the rate of these two methods you:
  •  Increase the surface area
  •  Increase the draught over the substance
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References:

  • http://s2.thingpic.com/images/uF/Qdg2n6H1CrNryjuhxHNi5DtL.jpeg
  • https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5cdecce138275f0001d2fd9b/1559604198390-5A58FI1E7ZTXIOIMYPIW/Water+Cycle+Graphic.jpg?format=1000w

 

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