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I/GCSE Chemistry - Water's State

Physical Chemistry, Solid, Liquid, Gas, Water

· AS Chemistry,A-level Chemistry,Physical chemistry,water states,states

Do you remember the content of I/GCSE Chemistry regarding hydrogen bonds? 👩‍🏫

Solid

  • The particles are very close together

  • The particles vibrate but have fixed positions

  • The particles are held together by strong forces of attraction

  • Solids have a definite shape and volume and are hard to compress.

Liquid
  • The particles are very close together
  • The particles are held together by forces of attraction
  • The particles move relative to each other
  • Liquids have a definite volume ,but not a definite shape and are hard to compress.
Gas
  • The particles are far apart from each other
  • The particles are very small forces of attraction between particles
  • The particles move rapidly in all directions
  • Gases do not have a definite shape or volume and easy to compress.
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Change of state

  • The particles of solid are heated and vibrate more.
  • The vibration of the particles overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles, enabling them to move more freely.
  • The particles of the liquid are heated and move more quickly.
  • The movement of liquid particles overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles.
  • The particles in the gas move faster.
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Water's State

  • As water is boiled, kinetic energy causes the hydrogen bonds to break completely and allows water molecules to escape into the air as gas (steam or water vapor).
  • When water freezes, water molecules form a crystalline structure maintained by hydrogen bonding.
  • Solid water, or ice, is less dense than liquid water.
  • Ice is less dense than water because the orientation of hydrogen bonds causes molecules to push farther apart, which lowers the density.
  • For other liquids, solidification when the temperature drops includes the lowering of kinetic energy, which allows molecules to pack more tightly and makes the solid denser than its liquid form.
  • Because ice is less dense than water, it is able to float at the surface of water.
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References:

https://www.freepik.com/premium-vector/different-states-matter-solid-liquid-gas-vector-diagram_3402198.htm

https://getrevising.co.uk/resources/solid_liquid_and_gas_gcse_chemistry

This is the end of the topic!

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Drafted by Cherry (Chemistry)

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