Ionic Bonding🤙
Electrons are transferred between atoms to form positively or negatively charged atoms called ions. Due to the attraction of opposite charges, the ions are strongly attracted to one another.
- All the atoms toward the left side of the periodic table have just one or two electrons in their outer shells, making them quite reactive- they want to get rid of them for a full outer shell.
- Elements in Group 6 and 7 have nearly full outer shells, so they react to gain electrons for a full outer shell. They will then become a negative ion that is attracted to the now positive ion that it got the electrons from.
- The elements that most readily form ions are thoses in Groups 1, 2, 6 and 7.
- Group 1 and 2 elements are metals and lose electrons to form positive ions (cations).
- Group 6 and 7 elements are non-metals and gain electrons to form negative ions (anions).
- Cations and anions: (we don't need to know them all but they might be helpful)
- When cations and anions join together, they form ionic bonds.
- Only elements at opposite sides of the periodic table form ionic bonds.
Ionic compounds💪
- Ionic bonds always produce compounds with similar structures.
- The ions form a closely packed regular lattice structure, because ionic bonds are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- Ionic compounds have similar properties caused by structure, you will have to know these properties in I/GCSE Chemistry
They have high melting and boiling points:
Due to the strong bonds between the ions, it takes a large amount of energy to break them.
They conduct energy when molten or aqueous:
When dissolved or melted, the ions seperate and are free to move, so will carry an electric current.
Naming compounds
When two different elements combine, the compounds name will be 'something-ide'.
When three or more elements combine, and one is oxygen, the compounds name will be 'something-ate'. (To remember this, oxygen's atomic number is 8)
Drafted by Catrina (Chemistry)