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AS/A-Level Chemistry - Other applications of transition metal complexes

Other applications of transition metal complexes

· A-level Chemistry,Transition metal,complex ions,application of chem,oxidation state

We have learn that transition metal ions form complexes and let's see how they are utilised in A-Level Chemistry!

The haem group

The haem group in a haemoglobin molecule is a multidentate ligand surrounding a central Fe2+ ion. Each of the four polypeptide subunits of the haemoglobin contains one of this prosthetic group.

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The shape of the complex ions is similar to a dome. When oxygen binds to form oxyhaemoglobin, the complex ion becomes more planar - a conformational change which makes it easier for the haemoglobin to pick up two more oxygen molecules. The affinity for the fourth oxygen decreases after the haemoglobin has three oxygen molecules.

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The O2 molecules actually bind to the Fe, forming a 6th bond. Carbon monoxide has a higher affinity for haemoglobin than oxygen and forms carboxyhaemoglobin. As a result, the haemoglobin is unable to carry oxygen around the body, leading to death. The gas is colourless, odorless and tasteless.

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Cisplatin

Cisplatin is a square planar complex. 

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It is an anticancer drug. It binds to the DNA bases (particularly guanine) and forms cross-links, which damages the DNA in cancer cells. This elicits DNA repair mechanisms, which in turn activitate apoptosis when this proves impossible. Side effects include:

  • Nephrotoxicity (kidneys) and neurotoxicity (nerves)
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Hearing loss
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Tollen's reagent

In Tollen's reagent, the solution is linear complex ion diammine silver(I) [Ag(NH3)2]+. 

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The Ag is reduced when the complex ion reacts with an aldehyde.

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Drafted by Eunice (Chemistry)

References

https://blog.ekincare.com/2016/07/20/hemoglobin-levels-and-its-significance/

https://labpedia.net/carboxyhemoglobin-cohb-carbon-monoxide-co-poisoning/

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-platinum-atom-of-cisplatin-binds-covalently-to-the-N7-position-of-purines-to-form_fig2_221920821

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