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AS/A-Level Chemistry - Amides

Amides

· A-level Chemistry,amide,Organic Chemistry,functional group,hydrocarbon

Let's look at amides in Orgainc Chemistry of A-Level Chemistry and see what's unique about this group!

Amides

Amides contain the functional group: CONH2

Primary amide: RCONH2

Formed by the reaction of ammonia with an acyl chloride

Secondary amide: RCONHR

Formed by the reaction of an amine with an acyl chloride

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Hydrolysis of Amides

Hydrolysis means bond breaking through reaction with water. When amides are hydrolysed, it is the C-N bond that breaks. 

The reaction can be catalysed by acid or alkali, leading to the formation of slightly different products. 

Acid Hydrolysis

Conditions: 

  • moderately concentrated acid such as hydrochloric acid
  • heat under reflux 

Product: carboxylic acid and a substituted ammonium ion

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Alkali Hydrolysis

Conditions: 

  • moderately concentrated alkali such as sodium hydroxide
  • heat under reflux

Product: carboxylate anion and an amine

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Drafted by Eunice (Chemistry)

References:

https://www.masterorganicchemistry.com/2018/02/28/amides-properties-synthesis-and-nomenclature/

https://www.masterorganicchemistry.com/2019/10/07/amide-hydrolysis/

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