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In this section of AS/A-level Chemistry, we will discuss acids and bases. The aim of this blog is to give you a preview of this topic.
Acids
- PROTON DONORS
- release H⁺ ions when dissolved in aqueous solutions
Type of Acids
- Monoprotic Acid: Donates one proton to a base (HCl, HNO₃, CH₃COOH)
- Diprotic Acid: Donates two protons to bases (H₂SO₄ → 2H⁺ + SO₄²⁻)
- Triprotic Acid: Donates three protons to bases (H₃PO₄ → 3H⁺ + PO₄³⁻)
Bases
- PROTON ACCEPTORS
- Any substance that will neutralise an acid to form water
Alkali
- Release OH⁻ ions in aqueous solutions
- Alkalis: ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
- Non-soluble bases: ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
- Carbonates: ACID + CARBONATE→ SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE
Salts
- Acids whose protons have been replaces by metal or ammonium ions
- Exists in two forms: Anhydrous and Hydrated
Water of crystallization
- Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound
That's all~
