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I/GCSE Chemistry Revision Core - 4-6

Stoichiometry, Electricity, Chemical Energetics

· igcse chemistry,Chemistry,IGCSE,Stoichiometry,Electricity

Stoichiometry

In the I/GCSE chemistry curriculum:

  • Relative atomic mass - mass of the element (average) for example 12 for Carbon
  • Relative molecular mass - adding up of relative atomic mass.
  • Mole concept - 6x10(23), formulas include - Moles = Mass/RMM   Concentration = Moles/Volume

Electricity and Chemistry

  • Electrolysis of Molten Lead Bromide - cathode- lead, anode- bromine gas
  • Electrolysis of Concentrated HCl - cathode-hydrogen, anode-chlorine
  • Electrolysis of Concentrated NaCl - cathode-hydrogen, anode-Chlorine
  • Usually metals and hydrogen are made at the cathode, non-metals are made at the anode. With a molten compound (iron oxide) you will just get iron and oxygen gas. In a solution, the less reactive of the two substances will produce hydrogen not sodium.
  • Electroplating - anode has to be made out of the metal you want to electroplate the object with-ions of the same metal as the electrolyte, cathode with the object you want to electroplate.(do not corrode/rust/look prettier)
  • Aluminium/copper used for cables-good conductors of heat and electricity/ductile, they are also both cheaper than silver, aluminium cheapest out of the three.
  • Plastics/Ceramics - good insulators as they do not conduct electricity.

Chemical Energetics

Some definition in the I/GCSE chemistry curriculum:

  • Exothermic - gives out heat and energy/makes bonds
  • Endothermic - takes in heat and energy/breaks bonds
  • Fuels are burned to produce heat energy such as oil/natural gas to produce an exothermic reaction.
  • Fuels - hydrogen.
  • U235 used as a source of energy-decays to form energy used to make steam for power plants.

End of this topic!

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