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In IBDP Biology, we may need to be aware of even more different types of hormones that is around the body, for example growth hormones or ADH, let's go!
Growth Hormone
![broken image](http://custom-images.strikinglycdn.com/res/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_9000,w_1200,f_auto,q_auto/4979856/125657_528668.png)
GH (aka somatotropin) a protein that stimulates cells to enlarge and divide faster
- enhanced the movement of amino acids through cell membranes and increase rate of protein synthesis
- decreases the rate at which cells use carbohydrates and increase the rate at which they use fats
- peaked secretion at night
- hypothalamus secretes GHRH stimulates GH secreting
Prolactin
- It is a protein and promotes milk production
- High levels of it can disrupt sexual functions
- Prolactin secretion is mostly under inhibitory control by dopamine from the hypothalamus (aka prolactin release inhibiting hormone)
- hypothalamus likely releases more than one prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)
Oxytocin
![broken image](http://custom-images.strikinglycdn.com/res/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_9000,w_1200,f_auto,q_auto/4979856/830770_169054.png)
- Causes or strengthen labour contractions during childbirth
- positive feedback example
- controls bleeding after childbirth
- can be used to induce abortion
- also helps with lactation
ADH
![broken image](http://custom-images.strikinglycdn.com/res/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_9000,w_1200,f_auto,q_auto/4979856/861851_359848.png)
- small peptide molecule made in hypothalamus released by pituitary gland
- prevents production of dilute urine; it causes more permeable membrane to soak up more water
- can stimulate contraction of arteries and capillaries
Types of Hormones
Steroid Hormones
- can freely diffuse across the plasma membrane of cell
- bind to receptor in cytoplasm or nucleus of target cell to make active receptor-hormone complex which move into the nucleus and bind directly to DNA, acts as a transcription for gene expression
Peptide Hormones
- hydrophylic and lipophobic meaning they cant freely cross the plasma membrane
- bind to receptors on surface of cell which typically have internally anchored proteins
- receptor complex activates a series of intracellular molecules which initiate cell activiy
- process called signal transduction
- IE: insulin, glucagon, leptin, ADH, oxytocin
That is all !
![broken image](http://custom-images.strikinglycdn.com/res/hrscywv4p/image/upload/c_limit,fl_lossy,h_9000,w_1200,f_auto,q_auto/4979856/245057_845888.png)
References:
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osmosis.org%2Flearn%2FGrowth_hormone_and_somatostatin&psig=AOvVaw2TSWSNdxDDmWeneHjA-Iv5&ust=1626351290181000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCJD7he_E4vECFQAAAAAdAAAAABAR
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOxytocin&psig=AOvVaw0Mayiic-O3d9ojHZTs30jO&ust=1626354142868000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCNDbjbrP4vECFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreamstime.com%2Fillustration%2Fantidiuretic-hormone.html&psig=AOvVaw3keZaahI3ZuNffNR4_KE0P&ust=1626354214089000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAoQjRxqFwoTCMCnxdzP4vECFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Drafted by Venetia (Biology)