This I/GCSE Chemistry blog post will be looking at the processes of fractionl distillation, let's go!
Fractional Distillation
Oil is a mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons. This mixture has to be separated into its useful
components using fractional distillation. Very hot crude oil is pumped into the fractionating column
where the hydrocarbons separate out by their boiling points, rising through the column until they get
cold enough to condense. The compounds that condense at a particular temperature are called a
FRACTION.
As you move down the column, the fractions have longer carbon chains. This increases the attractive forces between molecules which leads to:
•Higher boiling points
•Higher viscosity
•Lower flammability
Fuel Gas – used for fuel, and to make other chemicals
Naptha – used mostly to make other useful compounds
Kerosene – fuel for aeroplanes
Fuel oil – fuel for large ships
Bitumen – used to surface roads
That is all!
References:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FSeperation-of-fractional-distillation_fig1_318053910&psig=AOvVaw2QRzxHwLPefo_8Rf4luBTU&ust=1629651133366000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCKCsnNnJwvICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD