·
In this post, we are going to look at the modification of genetics in I/GCSE Biology! 😽
Genetic engineering
- Genetic information in all organisms work the same way – plant, animal or bacterium
- Take gene from chromosome of one species and put it in other species ➡️ produce same characteristics
Genetic engineering ➡️ the process of taking genes from one organism and putting them into the cells of another so that the cells include characteristics of the new gene
Genetically modified (GM) ➡️ an organism that has been genetically engineered
Transgenic organism ➡️ an organism that contains genes from another organism
- For example:
- Transfer insulin (hormone) from human into bacterium – insulin needed for diabetic people
- Bacteria fermenters grow genetically modified bacteria on large scale ➡️ human insulin cheaper + safer
- Insulin extracted from dead animals before GM human insulin
- less insulin available + not identical o human insulin ➡️ health problems
- Insert gene into body cell of early embryo
- body cells make what gene codes for ➡️ genes not passed to offspring
Transferring genes at an early stage
In I/GCSE Biology, you should also have to remember the following points!
- Genes transferred into plan or animal embryo at early stage
- Organism grows ➡️ all cells in body have copy of inserted gene – all develop characteristics
- Used for GM food plants + research in causes + treatment of disease
- Mice GM to study human cancers + see effect of changes to genes causing disease
And we're done with this topic! Well Done!
Drafted by Alyssa (Biology)
References:
- "Pin on ePharmacology", https://i.pinimg.com/originals/bb/4b/34/bb4b348e9cfd223d78701e41491a1da8.jpg
- "Recombinant DNA", https://pmgbiology.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/recombinant-dna.jpg