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I/GCSE Biology - Modifying the genetic code

Modifying the genetic code

· igcse biology,gcse biology,genetic engineering,genes,genetics

In this post, we are going to look at the modification of genetics in I/GCSE Biology! 😽

Genetic engineering

  • Genetic information in all organisms work the same way – plant, animal or bacterium
  • Take gene from chromosome of one species and put it in other species ➡️ produce same characteristics

Genetic engineering ➡️ the process of taking genes from one organism and putting them into the cells of another so that the cells include characteristics of the new gene

 

Genetically modified (GM) ➡️ an organism that has been genetically engineered

 

Transgenic organism ➡️ an organism that contains genes from another organism

  • For example:
  • Transfer insulin (hormone) from human into bacterium – insulin needed for diabetic people
  • Bacteria fermenters grow genetically modified bacteria on large scale ➡️ human insulin cheaper + safer
  • Insulin extracted from dead animals before GM human insulin
  1. less insulin available + not identical o human insulin ➡️ health problems
  • Insert gene into body cell of early embryo
  1. body cells make what gene codes for ➡️ genes not passed to offspring
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Transferring genes at an early stage

In I/GCSE Biology, you should also have to remember the following points!

  • Genes transferred into plan or animal embryo at early stage
  • Organism grows ➡️ all cells in body have copy of inserted gene – all develop characteristics
  • Used for GM food plants + research in causes + treatment of disease
  • Mice GM to study human cancers + see effect of changes to genes causing disease
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And we're done with this topic! Well Done!

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Drafted by Alyssa (Biology)

References:

  1. "Pin on ePharmacology", https://i.pinimg.com/originals/bb/4b/34/bb4b348e9cfd223d78701e41491a1da8.jpg
  2. "Recombinant DNA", https://pmgbiology.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/recombinant-dna.jpg
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