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I/GCSE Biology - Cloning plants and animals

Cloning plants and animals

· igcse biology,gcse biology,cloning,embryo transplants,tissue culture

In this post, we will look at the topic of cloning in I/GCSE Biology! Let's get started!!!!

Tissue culture

Do you remember the previous posts regarding sexual and asexual reproduction in I/GCSE Biology?

  • Plants grown using cells form parent plant

Tissue culture ➡️ growth of cells and/or tissues outside the animal or plant. Whole plants can be grown from the plant cells using tissue cultures

  • Cells from tip of shoot taken – placed on jelly (has nutrients + chemicals to help cell divide)
  • Small ball of cells made – callus – a cluster of cells grown by tissue culture
  • Callus split into calluses
  • Each callus put into petroleum jelly – chemicals encourage roots + shoots to form
  • Plant is planted into compost when large enough
  • Easy to grow thousands of plants from one
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Embryo transplants

In I/GCSE Biology, embryo transplants is commonly asked!

  • Cells in embryo specialise before animal born
  • Specialised animal cells e.g. muscle cells can't change into other kinds of cells ➡️ cloning difficult than plants
  • Embryo transplant one way of cloning animals
  • Egg fertilised with sperm in lab
  • Cells separated – make new embryos before the specialise (4 or 8 cells already)

Cells transported into host mother ➡️ female organism that has had an embryo from another female implanted in her womb

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Animal cell cloning 

  • Another animal cell cloning technique
  • Nucleus of unfertilised egg cell removed + replaced with nucleus of body cell e.g. skin cell from adult animal
  • Egg cell given electric shock ➡️ cell divides like a normal embryo
  • Embryo has genetic information of adult body cell
  • First done on sheep – people concerned about it being done on humans
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And we're done with this topic! Well Done!

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Drafted by Alyssa (Biology)

References:

  1. "Tissue Culture", https://biologyigcse.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/a20f41790254c2ae96c013ef544d1f031ad6fc70.jpg
  2. "Pin on AI", https://i.pinimg.com/736x/06/b4/5d/06b45d14234cd16d020c14b0fd408f70.jpg
  3. "Cloning", https://www.abpischools.org.uk/thumbnails/1/770.20.png
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I/GCSE Biology - Different types of reproduction
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