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In this post, we will look at the topic of cloning in I/GCSE Biology! Let's get started!!!!
Tissue culture
Do you remember the previous posts regarding sexual and asexual reproduction in I/GCSE Biology?
- Plants grown using cells form parent plant
Tissue culture ➡️ growth of cells and/or tissues outside the animal or plant. Whole plants can be grown from the plant cells using tissue cultures
- Cells from tip of shoot taken – placed on jelly (has nutrients + chemicals to help cell divide)
- Small ball of cells made – callus – a cluster of cells grown by tissue culture
- Callus split into calluses
- Each callus put into petroleum jelly – chemicals encourage roots + shoots to form
- Plant is planted into compost when large enough
- Easy to grow thousands of plants from one
Embryo transplants
In I/GCSE Biology, embryo transplants is commonly asked!
- Cells in embryo specialise before animal born
- Specialised animal cells e.g. muscle cells can't change into other kinds of cells ➡️ cloning difficult than plants
- Embryo transplant one way of cloning animals
- Egg fertilised with sperm in lab
- Cells separated – make new embryos before the specialise (4 or 8 cells already)
Cells transported into host mother ➡️ female organism that has had an embryo from another female implanted in her womb
Animal cell cloning
- Another animal cell cloning technique
- Nucleus of unfertilised egg cell removed + replaced with nucleus of body cell e.g. skin cell from adult animal
- Egg cell given electric shock ➡️ cell divides like a normal embryo
- Embryo has genetic information of adult body cell
- First done on sheep – people concerned about it being done on humans
And we're done with this topic! Well Done!
Drafted by Alyssa (Biology)
References:
- "Tissue Culture", https://biologyigcse.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/a20f41790254c2ae96c013ef544d1f031ad6fc70.jpg
- "Pin on AI", https://i.pinimg.com/736x/06/b4/5d/06b45d14234cd16d020c14b0fd408f70.jpg
- "Cloning", https://www.abpischools.org.uk/thumbnails/1/770.20.png