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I/GCSE Biology - Homeostasis

Osmoregulation and Thermoregulation

· IGCSE,Biology,Homeostasis,Osmoregulation,Thermoregulation

Homeostasis

  • The maintenance of a constant internal environment.

What are the main factors that are controlled?

In I/GCSE Biology, Internal conditions which are controlled include:

  • The water content of the body.
  • The ion content of the body.
  • Blood sugar levels

Osmoregulation

  • In I/GCSE Biology, The process of water movement into or out of cells is called osmosis.
  • We take in waterand salts by drinking.
  • We lose water by breathing, sweating, and urine production by the kidneys.
  • We lose ions by sweating and urinating.
  • The major control of water and ions is by our kidneys.

Blood sugar regulation🩸

  • We take in sugar as carbohydrate in our food.
  • We control blood sugar levels by releasing insulin (a hormone) from the pancreas.
  • Our cells need a constant supply of blood sugar for energy.

Thermoregulation💦

  • Temperature regulation.
  • Enzymes work best at 37OC.
  • Above and below this by a few degrees, and our cellular reactions stop working.
  • We control our body temperature using our skin, eg by sweating.

Sports Drinks🍹

Contain salts (sodium and potassium ions), glucose and water.

Isotonic sports drinks

  • The same concentration of ions as the body fluids
  • Enables rapid uptake of glucose

Hypotonic sports drinks

  • Lower concentration of ions than in body fluids.
  • Enables rapid uptake of water by osmosis.

Hypertonic solutions – not in sports drinks

  • Higher concentration of ions than in body fluids
  • Water is drawn into the gut – this dehydrates you - not sensible in a sports drink!

That's the end of the topic!

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Drafted by Joey (Biology)

Reference:

https://getrevising.co.uk/resources/biology_revision_notes4

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