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Compare the sub-cellular organisation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Cellular organisation of prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell 👇🏻
Prokaryotic cell 🦠
👆🏻 This is a liable diagram of prokaryotic cell.
- Prokaryotic cell is a unicellular organism which consist of two domain Archaea as well as Bacteria.
- The uniqueness of prokaryotic cell is that it doesn't consist of membrane bounded nucleus, mitochondria and any membrane bounded organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast ... etc)
Eukaryotic cell 🧫
👆🏻 This is a liable diagram of eukaryotic cell.
- Eukaryotic cell consist of four domain protozoa, fungi, plants and animal.
- Eukaryotic cell unlike prokaryotic cell that it has membrane bounded nucleus and membrane bounded organelles (mitochondria ,endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast ... etc) .
❗️ ❕This is important under HKDSE Biology examination which commonly occurred in essay type question 👇🏻
Comparison between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell
1. Size
- Prokaryotic cell with a smaller size (0.5 μm to 5 μm in diameter) while eukaryotic cell with a larger size (10 μm to 100 μm in diameter)
2. Nucleus
- Prokaryotic cell do not have true nucleus while eukaryotic cell have true nucleus.
🔸 True nucleus ➡️ membrane bounded nucleus.
3. Genetic material
- In prokaryotic cell, DNA is circular and lying free in the cytoplasm.
- In eukaryotic cell, DNA is linear and enclosed by nucleus.
4. Ribosome
- In prokaryotic cell, ribosome is smaller and lying free in the cytoplasm.
- In eukaryotic cell, ribosome is larger and ribosome is attached to endoplasmic reticulum.
5. Organelle
- In prokaryotic cell, few organelle exist and lack of membrane bounded organelles.
- In eukaryotic cell, many organelle exist and membrane bounded organelles are present.
🔸 Membrane bounded organelles : nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum.
That's the end of this topic 👏🏻
References
- Thomas, B. & Chris, H. (2013) Hong Kong DSE Biology Critical Guide. Yellowreef Limited.