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HKDSE Biology - Photosynthesis

Compulsory Part I Cells and Molecules of Life

· HKDSE,Biology,Photosynthesis,Leaves,Chloroplast
  • Understand the significance of photosynthesis. 
  • Relate the structures of leaves and chloroplasts to their functions in photosynthesis.
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Photosynthesis 🌿

  • 🔆Light energy ➡️🧪Chemical energy 
  • Light energy from sun is captured and utilised in the conversion of carbon dioxide, water and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds. 
The process of photosynthesis

👆🏻This photo showing the process of photosynthesis.

Significance of photosynthesis 🌿

  • Photosynthesis supporting the oxygen provision in the atmosphere. 
  • Photosynthesis contributes to the carbon cycle among the earth, oceans and organism.
  • Carbon cycle ➡️Circulation of carbon atoms in the biosphere.
  • Photosynthesis act as the primary energy process for plants.

In HKDSE Biology examination, students have to memorize the importance of photosynthesis ❗️ ❕NO photosynthesis ▶️ No organism can survive.

Leaves 🌿

The structure of leaf

👆🏻This photo showing the structure of leaf.

Students have to link up the structure of leaf to the function in photosynthesis in HKDSE Biology examination❗️ ❕

1. Large surface area

  • Allows leaves to absorb more light.

2. The epidermis is thin and transparent

  • Allows more light to reach the palisade mesophyll cells.

3. Palisade mesophyll cells are located at the top of the leaf

  • Allows the rapid absorption of light which leads to an increment on the rate of photosynthesis.

4. Palisade mesophyll cells containing numerous chlorophyll

  • Allows the absorption of all available light.

Chlorophyll 🌿

The structure of chloroplast

👆🏻This photo showing the structure of chloroplast.

Students have to link up the structure of chloroplast to the function in photosynthesis in HKDSE Biology examination❗️ ❕

1. Thylakoid system

  • Thylakoid is a flattened sac-like membrane structure where light energy converts into chemical energy.

2. Grana

  • Grana consisting 10 to 20 thylakoid where light energy converts into chemical energy.

3. Stroma

  • Stroma is dense fluid enclosed in the membrane envelope and outside thylakoid membrane where carbon dioxide converts into carbohydrates.

4. Chlorophyll

  • Chlorophyll is the green photosynthetic pigment inside grana and having the role of absorbing light energy.

That's the end of this topic 👏🏻

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Written by Bella | HKDSE Biology Specialist @ TUTTEE

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References

  1. Bassham, J. A., & Lambers, H. (2020, March 17). Carbon fixation in C4 plants. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/photosynthesis/Carbon-fixation-in-C4-plants.
  2. Brenner, L. (2019, November 22). Why Is Photosynthesis Important for All Organisms? Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/photosynthesis-important-organisms-6389083.html.
  3. BBC. Adaptations of the leaf for photosynthesis and gaseous exchange - Plant organisation - Edexcel - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize. BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2jydxs/revision/1.
  4. Bailey, R. (2019, July 1). How Chloroplasts Make Plant Photosynthesis Possible. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/chloroplast-373614.

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HKDSE Biology - Photochemical reactions and Carbon fixation 
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