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Compare the cellular organisation of animal and plant cells.
In HKDSE Biology examination, your will asked to draw animal cell as well as plant cell with labels under experimental question (SIMPLE VERSION)❗️ ❕
The cellular organisation of animal cell 👇🏻
Animal cell 🐶
👆🏻This is a labelled diagram of animal cell.
1. Cell membrane
- Cell membrane is the boundary of cell that mentioned in previous blog.
2. Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm is a jelly like fluid that give shape to cell and it assists the cell organelles to be placed well inside the cell.
- Cytoplasm provide a medium for metabolic activity to take place since it consist of enzyme that speed up metabolism.
3. Nucleus
- Nucleus contain genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which give instruction to protein synthesis as well as control the activity of the entire cell.
- DNA coiled around histone to form chromosome which is the form of genetic information in nucleus .
4. Endoplasmic reticulum
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum - with attachment of ribosome
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum with the function of protein synthesis.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - without attachment of ribosome
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum with the function of lipid, steroid as well as hormone synthesis. Further, toxic substance can be eliminated as well.
5. Mitochondrion
- Mitochondria provide a medium for respiration to take place. Therefore, energy in form of ATP will be generated in mitochondria.
The cellular organisation of plant cell 👇🏻
Plant cell 🌱
👆🏻This is a labelled diagram of plant cell.
1. Chloroplast
- Chloroplast is oval in shape and with double membrane.
- Chloroplast can be only found in green plant and it is where photosynthesis take place.
2. Cell wall
- Cell wall is the tough outer layer of plant cell which provide strength and turgidity to plant cell.
- As mentioned in previous blog, cell wall is mainly made up of cellulose.
3. Vacuole
- Vacuole is unique in plant cell and located at the centre.
- Vacuole consist of fluid, ions and other molecules enclosed by plasma membrane.
- Vacuole maintain the turgor pressure in plant that the plant can be stand upright.
Comparison between animal cell and plant cell ⚔️
- Both animal cell and plant cell consist of cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion.
- The uniqueness of plant cell is that it consist of cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole which animal cell doesn't have.
That's the end of this topic 👏🏻
References
- Thomas, B. & Chris, H. (2013) Hong Kong DSE Biology Critical Guide. Yellowreef Limited.
- Editors, B. D. (2019, June 19). Animal Cell. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/animal-cell/
- Editors, B. D. (2019, June 14). Plant Cell. Retrieved from https://biologydictionary.net/plant-cell/