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I/GCSE Biology (9-1) Triple Award II

Biological Molecules

· triple award,biology,IGCSE,IGCSE Biology,biological molecule

Biological Molecules

Carbohydrates à carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Proteins à carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, [sulfur]

Lipids à carbon, hydrogen, oxygen [3 fatty acids + glycerol]

Enzymes à Biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being used up.

  • Amylase à digests starch to glucose [salivary glands, small intestine, pancreas]
  • Protease à  digests proteins to amino acids [salivary glands, small intestine, pancreas]
  • Lipase à digests lipids to fatty acids + glycerol [small intestine, pancreas]

In IGCSE biology:

Effect of  Temperature on enzyme activity

  • At low temperatures, enzyme substrates have very little kinetic energy.
  • Too high temperatures cause enzymes to denature and the active site has changed its shape

Effect of pH level on enzyme activity.

  • Enzymes have different optimum pH levels.

Transport

In IGCSE biology, you need to understand that:

  • Diffusion: Net movement of particles from an area of a high concentration to an area of low concentration.
  • Osmosis: Net movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential.
  • Active transportà Net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to area of high concentration using energy.

[Amoeba à single celled and has high surface area to volume ratio to increase diffusion rate.]

End of this topic!

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Drafted by Gina (Biology)

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