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IBDP Biology- The ear

IBDP Option E- Neurobiology

· IBDP BIOLOGY

In this IBDP Biology Blog post, it will highlight the structure of the ear, as well as enable us to understand how humans generally hear.

Diagram of Ear

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How sound is perceived by the ear 

1. Eardrum: 

  • Soundwaves reach eardrum and makes it vibrate. 
  • Vibration consists of rapid movements towards and away from the middle ear. 
  • The eardrum picks up "sound" and sends it to the middle ear.

2. Bones of middle ear: 

  • The ossicles are connected to each other and the first to the ear drum, the third to the oval window. 
  • Transmits sound waves to the oval window. 
  • Reducing the amplitude of the waves but increases the amplitude 20 times. The oval window helps in amplifying. 
  • Muscles atteched to the ossicles help protecting the ear from loud sounds.

3. The oval window: 

  • Transmits sound waves to the fluid filling the cochlea. 
  • The fluid is incompressible so second membranous window is needed: round window.

4. Hair cells in the cochlea: 

  • When the sound waves pass through the fluid in cochlea, the hair bundles vibrate. 
  • Each hair cell resonates in response to specific wavelengths of sound due to gradual gradations in width and thickness of cochlear membrane when hair bundles vibrate. 
  • Hair cells transmit action potentials across synapse with auditory nerve  -->travel to auditory cortex in brain 

That's the end of the blog regarding how sound is perceived by ear!

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References:

  • https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F500040364850403667%2F&psig=AOvVaw3JdzDnl16hMGncd9TGSZOp&ust=1627290156689000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCLjfzrDu_fECFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

Drafted by Venetia (Biology)

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