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IBDP Biology- Meiosis

Topic 3- The processes of Meiosis

· IBDP BIOLOGY,IB,Meiosis

In this IBDP Biology blog post, we will be looking at the key points when explaining the process of Meiosis, let's go!

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Meiosis: 

  • Production of gametes: sex cells (have half as many chromosomes as other cells)
  • separates sister chromatids + homologous chromosomeshomologous pairs are separated during meiosis I
  • sister chromatids are separated during meiosis II

Before meiosis I, the cell goes through interphase: grows during G1, copies chromosomes during S phase, prepares for division during G2.

Meiosis 1:

Reduction division (diploid to haploid) in which homologous chromosomes are separated.

Prophase 1:

  • chromosomes condense/ supercoil and pair up with their homologous partner
  • homologous partners exchange part of their DNA thanks to the process of crossing over

Metaphase 1:

  • homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell - the metaphase plate/the equator of the cell thanks to the spindle fibresthe 
  • orientation of the chromosomes is random

Anaphase 1:

  • homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards the poles of the cell (the direction of each chromosome is random)
  • sister chromatids remain together

Telophase 1:

  • chromosomes arrive at cell poles
  • the nuclear membrane may or may not reform cytokinesisoccurs at the same time as telophase 1 

(forms 2 haploid daughter cells)

Meiosis 2: 

The second division separates sister chromatids (chromatids may not be identical due to crossing over)

Prophase 2:

  • chromosomes condense/supercoili nuclear membrane reformed in telophase 1, it breaks down
  • centrosomes move to opposite poles

Metaphase 2:

  • Spindles from opposing centrosomes attach to chromosomes at the centromeres
  • They align them at the equator of the cell

Anaphase 2:

  • Spindles contract and separate sister chromatids
  • chromatids/chromosomes move to opposite poles

Telophase 2:

  • chromosomes de-condensenuclear membrane reforms
  • cells divide (cytokinesis) and form 4 haploid daughter cells

That is all you need to know for Meiosis, well done!

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Drafted by Venetia (Biology)

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