·
In this IBDP topic, you can learn the steps of glycolysis
Stage 1A: Phosphorylation
In: Glucose , x1 ATP
Out: Glucose- 6- Phosphate
- Glucose is a hexose sugar which needs to split up
- So one molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed, releasing a phosphate group and this is attached to the glucose. This is called Glucose-6-phosphate
Stage 1B: Phosphorylation
In: Glucose , x1 ATP
Out: Hexose -1,6 diphosphate
- Then, Glucose- 6 is changed to fructose-6 phosphate since both of them are isomers
- Another ATP is hydrolysed so that the released phosphate group is attaches to the fructose-6 Phosphate
- Energy from the hydrolysed ATP molecule activates hexose sugar, preventing it from being transported out of the sugar
- The activated sugar is hexose 1,6 diphosphate
Stage 2 – Splitting of the sugars
- 1,6 biphosphate is split into two triose phosphate
Stage 3A: Production of ATP
In: ADP x2 , NAD x2 , Triose x2
Out: ATP x2 , NADH x2
- The triose phosphate is oxidised since two H-atoms are removed from each triose-phosphate with the help of enzyme dehydrogenze and aided with NAD (hydrogen acceptor)
- Two of the ADP are phosphorylated, producing two ATP
Stage 3B: Production of ATP
In: ADP x2 , NAD x2 , Triose x2
Out: ATP x4 , NADH x2 , Pyruvate x2
- A number of micro reactions occur, catalyzed by enzymes convert each triose phosphate into pyruvate molecule.
Stage 4:Products of Glycolysis
- Two molecules of ATP :Eventually Two more ADP are phosphorylated so that two ATP are produced -4 were made but only two were used to kick-start the reaction (Net gain of 2 ATP)
- 2 NAD are reduced----which carry hydrogen
- Two molecules of pyruvate are produced-which is activate transported to the mitochondrial matrix for the next process
Simple Summary of Glycolysis
This is the end of the topic
Drafted by Eva (Biology)
Photo references:
- https://ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-8-metabolism-cell/untitled/glycolysis.html
- http://biology4alevel.blogspot.com/2015/08/87-respiration-glycolysis.html