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IBDP Biology - Glycolysis

Chapter 8.2 - Cell Respiration

· Biology,IBDP BIOLOGY,Glycolysis,Phosphorylation,ATP

In this IBDP topic, you can learn the steps of glycolysis

Stage 1A: Phosphorylation

In: Glucose , x1 ATP

Out: Glucose- 6- Phosphate

  • Glucose  is a hexose sugar which needs to split up
  • So one molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed, releasing a phosphate group and this is attached to the glucose. This is called Glucose-6-phosphate

Stage 1B: Phosphorylation

In: Glucose , x1 ATP

Out: Hexose -1,6 diphosphate

  • Then, Glucose- 6 is changed to fructose-6 phosphate since both of them are isomers
  • Another ATP is hydrolysed so that the released phosphate group is attaches to the fructose-6 Phosphate
  • Energy from the hydrolysed ATP molecule activates hexose sugar, preventing it from being transported out of the sugar
  • The activated sugar is hexose 1,6 diphosphate

Stage 2 – Splitting of the sugars

  • 1,6 biphosphate is split into two triose phosphate 
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Stage 3A: Production of ATP

In: ADP x2 , NAD x2 , Triose x2

Out: ATP x2 , NADH x2

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  • The triose phosphate is oxidised since two H-atoms are removed from each triose-phosphate with the help of enzyme dehydrogenze and aided with NAD  (hydrogen acceptor)
  • Two of the ADP are phosphorylated, producing two ATP

Stage 3B: Production of ATP

In: ADP x2 , NAD x2 , Triose x2

Out: ATP x4 , NADH x2 , Pyruvate x2

  • A number of micro reactions occur, catalyzed by enzymes convert each triose phosphate into pyruvate molecule.

Stage 4:Products of Glycolysis

  • Two molecules of ATP  :Eventually Two more ADP are phosphorylated so that two ATP are produced -4 were made but only two were used to kick-start the reaction (Net gain of 2 ATP)
  • 2 NAD are reduced----which carry hydrogen
  • Two molecules of pyruvate are produced-which is activate transported to the mitochondrial matrix for the next process
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Simple Summary of Glycolysis

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This is the end of the topic

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Drafted by Eva (Biology)

 Photo references:

  1. https://ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-8-metabolism-cell/untitled/glycolysis.html
  2. http://biology4alevel.blogspot.com/2015/08/87-respiration-glycolysis.html 
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