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IBDP Biology- Chemical elements and water

Topic 2- Chemistry of life

· IBDP BIOLOGY

In this IBDP Biology blog post, we will be looking at how chemicals are associated with water, and what organisms are composed of.

Chemical elements and water

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The most frequently chemical elements that are occuring in living organisms are:

- Carbon – 19%

- Hydrogen – 10%

- Oxygen – 65%

- Nitrogen – 3%

They are used in the molecular structures of all carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Living organisms contain more than 20 other element which are also present, but far less common

Sulphur – 0.25%

  • Found in certain amino acids (cysteine and methionine), needed for the synthesis of two amino acids, allows proteins to form disulphide bonds

Calcium – 1.5%

  • Co-factor in some enzymes, can be found in bones and teeth, involved in neurotransmitter release in synapses

Phosphorus – 1%

  • Phosphate groups in ATP, part of DNA molecules, component of nucleic acids and cell membranes

Iron - 0.7%

  • Found in cytochromes and haemoglobin (animals), allowing oxygen transport (aerobic cell respiration)

Sodium - 0.15%

  • Involved in the generation of nerve impulses in neurons, raises the solute concentration which causes water to enter by osmosis, in membrane function

That is all!

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References:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2Fslide%2F9057778%2F&psig=AOvVaw22h12eGzY1sjSUOjhuDES9&ust=1627580161131000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCOiJo96mhvICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI

Drafted by Venetia (Biology)

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