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IB Biology - Topic 1.1

Statistical Analysis II

· IB,Biology,IB biology,Statistical analysis,Biology data

Significance of difference

Deduce the significance of the difference between two sets of data using calculated values for t and appropriate tables.

 

Here are some key ideas of significance of difference in IB Biology curriculum:

  • Any significant difference between two data sets
  • Calculate a “p-value”: The probability that there is no difference between the two samples
  • High P values: Small differences (high probability there is no significant differences between results)
  • P>0.05: There is no significant difference between the two samples
  • P<0.05: There is a significant difference between the results
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Here lists out the step converting a t-test result (t-value) to a p-value in IB Biology:

“Table of t-Values” Pg. 7 of textbook

  1. Work out the nos of degrees of freedom (DF)
    • DF=total nos. of results – 2
    • E.g. Sample 1 (9,5,4,3,2) Sample 2 (6,9,12,14,5): DF=10-2=8
  2. Go down the DF column in the table of t-values until you reach your DF score
    • E.g. 8
  3. Read across until you get to the closest value that is smaller than your calculated t value
  4. Read down to the bottom row which gives you “p”

Correlation

Explain that the existence of a correlation does not establish that there is a causal relationship between two variables.

Usually in IB Biology, there are two tests for correlation:

  1. Pearson correlation coefficient (r): Continuous and normally distributed data
  2. Sperman’s rank-order correlation efficient (rs)
There are some key ideas of correlation in IB Biology curriculum:
  • Perfect correlation relationship: the value for ‘r/rs’ is +1
  • No correlation: value is 0
  • Perfect negative correlation: Value is -1
  • A correlation does not mean that there is a cause and effect relationship between two variables
  • Further research would need to be done to see what other factors might be influencing the relationship
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End of the topic!

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Drafted by Gina (Biology)

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