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I/GCSE Biology - Infection and diseases

Pathogens, bacteria and viruses

· biology,IGCSE,igcse biology,infections,disease

Bacteria, Fungi and Viruses are the three types of micro-organisms that cause disease.

They reproduce rapidly because...

  • humans are warm (37 degrees celsius)
  • humans are moist
  • humans have sugars on the surface of our cells
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In I/GCSE, we need to learn details about micro-organisms that cause disease.

Bacteria 

  • Microscopic single-celled organisms
  • Come in many shapes and sizes (BUT even the largest are only 10 micrometres long - 10 millions of a metre)
  • Living cells
  • Can multiply rapidly in favorable conditions 
  • Once inside the body, they release poisons or toxins that make us feel ill

Diseases caused by bacteria include:

  • food poisoning
  • cholera
  • typhoid
  • whooping cough
  • gonorrhoea (a sexually transmitted disease)

Viruses

  • many times smaller than bacteria
  • among the smallest organisms known 
  • consist of a fragment of genetic material inside a protective protein coat
  • can only reproduce inside host cells, and they damage the cell when they do this

Diseases caused by viruses include: 

  • influenza - flu
  • colds
  • measles
  • mumps
  • rubella
  • chicken pox
  • AIDS

That's the end of today's topic!

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