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I/GCSE Biology - Cloning

Cloning

· biology,gcse biology,igcse biology,cloning,GCSE

Asexual reproduction

  • Plants can make identical copies (clones) of themselves
  • Many plants have ways of increasing their numbers by asexual reproduction
  • For example a potato plant can produce many tubers, each of which can grow into a new plant
  • Artificially produce new plants by taking a cutting, and waiting for the cutting to develop new roots and leaves

The stages of cloning

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In 1996 the first large animal was cloned. It was called Dolly, the sheep. Many attempts had been made before the stages of cloning were properly understood. The stages include:

  • Removal of diploid nucleus from a body cell
  • Enucleation, or removal, of egg cell
  • Insertion of diploid nucleus into enucleated egg cell
  • Stimulation of the diploid nucleus to divide by mitosis

How to clone cows using embryo transplants

 
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Ethical issues about cloning

  • Animal cloning raises ethical issues about how far humans should be allowed to interfere in the production of new life
  • Regulations currently restrict scientific research into human cloning

Advantages of cloning

  • All the new organisms are genetically identical ---> they will all have the desired characteristics
  • Organisms that are difficult or slow to breed normally can be reproduced quickly

Disadvantages of cloning

  • If a clone is susceptible to disease or changes in environment, then all the clones will be susceptible
  • Lead to less variation, and less opportunity to create new varieties in the future

That's the end of today's topic!

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Drafted by Yoshi (Biology)

Reference:

1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mushtak-Al-Ouqaili/post/How-Dolly-Sheep-was-cloned/attachment/5ac78bb0b53d2f63c3c445ff/AS%3A612433211162624%401523026864130/image/Dolly-clone-sheep-1024.gif

2. https://tunza.eco-generation.org/file/Embryo-Transfer-credit-BBC.gif

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