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I/GCSE Biology - Bacteria and DNA

Bacteria and DNA

· igcse biology,gcse biology,bacteria,DNA,genetics

In I/GCSE Biology, it is important to remember the topic regarding bacteria and DNA. Let's get started!!!! 😁

Inside Bacteria

Do you remember the previous post regarding the plant and animal cells in I/GCSE Biology? Can you distinguish them with bacteria?

 

Inside bacteria, we can see:

  • No nucleus
  • Chromosomal DNA – carries most of the genes
  • Some have extra circles of plasmid DNA containing additional genes
  • Cell membrane
  • Some have flagellum to help them move
  • Many have a cell wall for protection, but this is made out of a different substance to plant cell walls
  • Ribosomes
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DNA

In I/GCSE Biology, it's important to remember the features of DNA!

  • The nucleus contains chromosomes.
  • A chromosome consists of a string of genes.
  • A gene is a short piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Each gene is a length of DNA.
  • DNA is formed of two strands that twist into a double helix.
  1. The two strands are joined with bases.
  2. Weak hydrogen bonds between the base pairs hold the DNA strands together.
  3. Four bases are: A = adenine T = thymine, C = cytosine G = guanine
Look at the digrams showing DNA below to have a clear concept!
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DNA Discovery

In I/GCSE Biology, don't forget to study DNA discovery!

  • Maurice Williams and Rosalind Franklin studied the structure of DNA using x-rays.
  • Franklin studied x-ray photos to work out how the atoms were grouped.
  • James Watson and Francis Crick interpreted data from other scientists including Franklin to build the double helix model.
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The Human Genome Project

  • Genome – complete set of DNA plus genes
  • Scientists in 18 different countries collaborated to decode the human genome, the order of bases on all the human chromosomes
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And we're done with this topic! Well Done!

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CLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR I/GCSE BIOLOGY COURSES

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Drafted by Alyssa (Biology)

References:

  1. "IGCSE Biology Notes", https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/0wkp5SYbprApyhDfyNvskJbgNlU4QOUX3sCxohOs9MBHOjXtaOY3hn-jKlF6lgXjXK4yBsL25PYY3RIWF9zZjGcT_X8rNUw1OwS2yyb6kBGVH5H5K1BDqfh--2WJir8iGcvgU8Ki
  2. "4.2 An Overview of Basic Genetics", https://open.lib.umn.edu/app/uploads/sites/206/2018/10/4.2-Deconstructed-DNA-2-01-974x1024.png
  3. "Structure of DNA", https://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/crystallograph4_med.jpeg
  4. "The Human Genome Project". Photo from the internet.
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