Jumping right into the example😎
Part I
Procedure: During the test, dissolve the sample in water. Then, add an equal amount of dilute nitric acid, followed by several drops of silver nitrate solution. Cl-, Br- and I- can be identified based on the observations.
1) Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → AgCl (s)
🧐Formation of a white precipitate
2) Ag+ (aq) + Br- (aq) → AgBr (s)
🧐Formation of a creamy precipitate
3) Ag+ (aq) + I- (aq) → AgI (s)
🧐Formation of a yellow precipitate
Part II
Procedure: To test for SO42- ions, first add a few drops of barium chloride solution. Then add dilute hydrochloric acid.
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO4(s)
❗️❗️Formation of a white precipitate BaSO4(s) which is insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid indicates the presence of SO42- ions
Part III
Procedure: During the test, add dilute hydrochloric acid to the sample containing CO32-.
CO32- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
❗️❗️CO2(g) is given off
*CO2(g) turns limewater milky
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