June 27, 2021
Section 1.1
What are IONS?
- Ions are charged particles which are made when electrons are transferred.
- The elements in groups 1,2,6 and 7 are the most likely to form ions.
Non-metal ions
Non-mental gains electrons and becomes negatively charged ions.
e.g.The charge of Ions of elements in Group 7 is -1
e.g. The charge of Ions of elements in Group 6 is -2
Metal ions
Metal loses electrons and becomes positively charged ions.
e.g. The charge of ions of elements in Group 1 is +1
e.g. The charge of ions of elements in Group 2 is +2
Remark: N.O. of electrons gained/ lost = The charge of ions
Covalent or Ionic bonding?
Covalent bonding
- Covalent bonding occurs when non-metal atoms react together.
- The non-metals share electrons to make covalent bonds.
- The positive nuclei of the bonded atoms are attracted, by lectrostatic forces, to the shared pair of electrons. --> makes the covalent bonds very strong.
- Each single bond provides one extra shared electron for each atom.
- Each atom makes enough covalent bonds to gain a full outer shell, this makes the atom stable.
Ionic bonding
- Ionic bonding occurs when a metal and a non-metal react together.
- The metal loses its electron and the non-metal gains that electron.
- When they react, the two opposite charges are attracted and they form an ionic bond.
In the next section (Section1.2), various types of compounds in I/GCSE Chemistry will be discussed
Written by Bryant Wong (Chemistry)
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