In this post, we are going to look at the modification of genetics in I/GCSE Biology! 😽

• Genetic information in all organisms work the same way – plant, animal or bacterium
• Take gene from chromosome of one species and put it in other species ➡️ produce same characteristics

Genetic engineering ➡️ the process of taking genes from one organism and putting them into the cells of another so that the cells include characteristics of the new gene

Genetically modified (GM) ➡️ an organism that has been genetically engineered

Transgenic organism ➡️ an organism that contains genes from another organism

• For example:
• Transfer insulin (hormone) from human into bacterium – insulin needed for diabetic people
• Bacteria fermenters grow genetically modified bacteria on large scale ➡️ human insulin cheaper + safer
• Insulin extracted from dead animals before GM human insulin

1. less insulin available + not identical o human insulin ➡️ health problems

• Insert gene into body cell of early embryo

1. body cells make what gene codes for ➡️ genes not passed to offspring

In I/GCSE Biology, you should also have to remember the following points!

• Genes transferred into plan or animal embryo at early stage
• Organism grows ➡️ all cells in body have copy of inserted gene – all develop characteristics
• Used for GM food plants + research in causes + treatment of disease
• Mice GM to study human cancers + see effect of changes to genes causing disease

And we're done with this topic! Well Done!

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Drafted by Alyssa (Biology)

References:

1. "Pin on ePharmacology", https://i.pinimg.com/originals/bb/4b/34/bb4b348e9cfd223d78701e41491a1da8.jpg
2. "Recombinant DNA", https://pmgbiology.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/recombinant-dna.jpg