In this post, we will look at the topic of cloning in I/GCSE Biology! Let's get started!!!!

Do you remember the previous posts regarding sexual and asexual reproduction in I/GCSE Biology?

• Plants grown using cells form parent plant

Tissue culture ➡️ growth of cells and/or tissues outside the animal or plant. Whole plants can be grown from the plant cells using tissue cultures

• Cells from tip of shoot taken – placed on jelly (has nutrients + chemicals to help cell divide)
• Small ball of cells made – callus – a cluster of cells grown by tissue culture
• Callus split into calluses
• Each callus put into petroleum jelly – chemicals encourage roots + shoots to form
• Plant is planted into compost when large enough
• Easy to grow thousands of plants from one

In I/GCSE Biology, embryo transplants is commonly asked!

• Cells in embryo specialise before animal born
• Specialised animal cells e.g. muscle cells can't change into other kinds of cells ➡️ cloning difficult than plants
• Embryo transplant one way of cloning animals
• Egg fertilised with sperm in lab
• Cells separated – make new embryos before the specialise (4 or 8 cells already)

Cells transported into host mother ➡️ female organism that has had an embryo from another female implanted in her womb

• Another animal cell cloning technique
• Nucleus of unfertilised egg cell removed + replaced with nucleus of body cell e.g. skin cell from adult animal
• Egg cell given electric shock ➡️ cell divides like a normal embryo
• Embryo has genetic information of adult body cell
• First done on sheep – people concerned about it being done on humans

And we're done with this topic! Well Done!

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Drafted by Alyssa (Biology)

References:

1. "Tissue Culture", https://biologyigcse.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/a20f41790254c2ae96c013ef544d1f031ad6fc70.jpg
2. "Pin on AI", https://i.pinimg.com/736x/06/b4/5d/06b45d14234cd16d020c14b0fd408f70.jpg
3. "Cloning", https://www.abpischools.org.uk/thumbnails/1/770.20.png