Jumping right into the example💪
3.9-Describe the manufacture of ethanol by bassing ethene and steam over a phosphoric acid catalyst at a temperature of about 300°C and a pressure of about 60-70 atm
3.10-Describe the manufacture of ethanol by the fermentation of sugars, for example glucose, at a temperature of about 30°C
3.11-Evaluate the factors relevant to the choice of method used in the manufacture of ethanol, for example the relative availability of sugar and crude oil
3.9- The Hydration of Ethene
🧐Equation:
C2H4 + H2O ⇒ C2H5OH
*Reaction takes place under high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst
Procedure: Ethene is heated with steam in the presence of phosphoric acid (catalyst) at the temperature of about 300°C and a pressure of about 60-70 atm.
🧐Further Details:
- The catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction
- Ethanol is the only product of the reaction
3.10- Fermentation of Glucose
🧐Equation:
C6H12O6 ⇒ C2H5OH + CO2
Process: During fermentation, sugar glucose is extracted from plant materials. It is then converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide at the temperature of 30°C and under the presence of yeast (natural catalyst).
3.11-Evaluating the Pros and Cons of the Two Methods
Hydration of Ethene
Pros and Cons
- Ethene, the raw material used is a non-renewable resource💀👎
- The reaction can occur continuously if ethene and steam are supplied ✔️
- The rate of reaction is much faster ✔️
- Can only occur under high temperature and pressure👎
- A high amount of energy is required 👎
- Gives a pure product ✔️
Fermentation of Glucose
Pros and Cons
- Glucose, the raw material used is a renewable resource✔️
- Can only be done in batches👎
- The rate of reaction is much slower👎
- Can occur under normal temperature and pressure✔️
- Only a small amount of energy is required✔️
- Gives impure products which need to undergo treatment👎
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