👇 For IGCSE Chemistry, it is important to know the different reactions of acids with base, metals, and metal carbonates 👇

Reacting Acid with Base

• All metal hydroxides and metal oxides can act as base.

• Reaction between acid and base is called neutralisation reaction.
• The products of a neutralisation reaction are salt and water.
  • acid + base → salt + water

Examples

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

H₂SO₄ + CuO → CuSO₄ + H₂O

HNO₃ + KOH → KNO₃ + H₂O

Reacting Acid with Metal

• Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series can react with acid.
• When acid and metal react, salt and hydrogen gas are produced.
  • acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

Examples

2HCl + Mg → MgCl₂ + H₂ 

H₂SO₄ + 2Na → Na₂SO₄ + H₂

Reacting Acid with Metal Carbonate

• When acid and metal carbonate react, salt, carbon dioxide and water are produced.
  • acid + metal carbonate → salt + carbon dioxide + water

Examples

2HCl + Na₂CO₃ → 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O

H₂SO₄ + CaCO₃ → CaSO₄ + CO₂ + H₂O

2HNO₃ + K₂CO₃ → 2KNO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

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