CHEM- Formation of Covalent Bonding

Chemistry, Formation of Covalent Bonding - DSE | IGCE

May 3, 2018

Have a look at this example👀

1.40 Explain, using dot and cross diagrams, the formation of covalent compounds by electron sharing for the following:

i) Hydrogen

ii) Chlorine

iii) Hydrogen Chloride

iv) Water

v) Methane

vi) Ammonia

vii) Oxygen

viii) Nitrogen

ix) Carbon Dioxide

x) Ethane

xi) Ethene

Part I- Hydrogen

A hydrogen atom has an electronic arrangement of 1. It needs 1 more atom to have the electronic arrangement of noble gases. When each hydrogen atom shares its electron with another hydrogen atom, it can achieve the electronic arrangement of noble gases.

🧐The negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nuclei of both atoms resulting in a covalent bond that holds the 2 atoms together.

Part II- Chlorine

A chlorine atom has an electronic arrangement of 2,8,7. Each chlorine can obtain the electronic arrangement of noble gases by sharing one of its outermost shell electrons with another chlorine atom.

🧐In the chlorine molecule, each chlorine has three lone pair electrons

Part III- Hydrogen Chloride

A chlorine atom has an electronic arrangement of 2,8,7 while a hydrogen atom has an electronic arrangement of 1.

🧐One hydrogen atom forms a single covalent bond with one chlorine atom resulting in a hydrogen chloride molecule

Part IV- Water

An oxygen atom has an electronic arrangement of 2,6. One oxygen atom forms a single covalent bond with each of two hydrogen atoms resulting in a water molecule.

🧐A water molecule has two bond pairs and two lone pairs

Part V- Methane

Hydrogen atoms can each form one covalent bond, while carbon atoms can each form four covalent bonds.

🧐In a methane molecule, 4 pairs of electrons are shared

Part VI- Ammonia

A nitrogen atom has an electronic arrangement of 2,5. One nitrogen atom forms a single covalent bond with each of the 3 hydrogen atoms.

🧐The nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule has three bond pairs and one lone pair

Part VII- Oxygen

Each oxygen atom shares two of its electrons with another oxygen atom.

🧐Oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons thus the bond between them is called a double bond

Part VIII- Nitrogen

Each nitrogen atom shares three of its electrons with another nitrogen atom.

🧐Nitrogen atoms share three pairs of electrons thus the bond between them is called a triple bond

Part IX- Carbon Dioxide

A carbon atom has an electronic arrangement of 2,4.

🧐One carbon atom forms two double bonds with each of the two oxygen atoms resulting in a carbon dioxide molecule

Part X-Ethane

🧐 6 hydrogen atoms each share their electron with one of the 2 carbon atoms. The carbon atoms share their remaining electrons with each other in a single covalent bond resulting in Ethane molecule

Part XI- Ethene

🧐4 hydrogen atoms share their electron with one of the 2 carbon atoms. The two carbon atoms share their last two electrons with each other resulting in Ethene molecule

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