In this IBDP topic, you can learn the steps of glycolysis

In: Glucose , x1 ATP

Out: Glucose- 6- Phosphate

• Glucose  is a hexose sugar which needs to split up
• So one molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed, releasing a phosphate group and this is attached to the glucose. This is called Glucose-6-phosphate

In: Glucose , x1 ATP

Out: Hexose -1,6 diphosphate

• Then, Glucose- 6 is changed to fructose-6 phosphate since both of them are isomers
• Another ATP is hydrolysed so that the released phosphate group is attaches to the fructose-6 Phosphate
• Energy from the hydrolysed ATP molecule activates hexose sugar, preventing it from being transported out of the sugar
• The activated sugar is hexose 1,6 diphosphate

• 1,6 biphosphate is split into two triose phosphate 

In: ADP x2 , NAD x2 , Triose x2

Out: ATP x2 , NADH x2

• The triose phosphate is oxidised since two H-atoms are removed from each triose-phosphate with the help of enzyme dehydrogenze and aided with NAD  (hydrogen acceptor)
• Two of the ADP are phosphorylated, producing two ATP

In: ADP x2 , NAD x2 , Triose x2

Out: ATP x4 , NADH x2 , Pyruvate x2

• A number of micro reactions occur, catalyzed by enzymes convert each triose phosphate into pyruvate molecule.

• Two molecules of ATP  :Eventually Two more ADP are phosphorylated so that two ATP are produced -4 were made but only two were used to kick-start the reaction (Net gain of 2 ATP)
• 2 NAD are reduced----which carry hydrogen
• Two molecules of pyruvate are produced-which is activate transported to the mitochondrial matrix for the next process

This is the end of the topic

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Drafted by Eva (Biology)

 Photo references:

1. https://ib.bioninja.com.au/higher-level/topic-8-metabolism-cell/untitled/glycolysis.html
2. http://biology4alevel.blogspot.com/2015/08/87-respiration-glycolysis.html