Jumping right into the example๐
Part I
Procedure: During the test, dissolve the sample in water. Then, add an equal amount of dilute nitric acid, followed by several drops of silver nitrate solution. Cl-, Br- and I- can be identified based on the observations.
1) Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) โ AgCl (s)
๐งโFormation of a white precipitate
2) Ag+ (aq) + Br- (aq) โ AgBr (s)
๐งโFormation of a creamy precipitate
3) Ag+ (aq) + I- (aq) โ AgI (s)
๐งโFormation of a yellow precipitate
Part II
Procedure: To test for SO42- ions, first add a few drops of barium chloride solution. Then add dilute hydrochloric acid.
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) โ 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO4(s)
โ๏ธโโ๏ธโFormation of a white precipitate BaSO4(s)โ which is insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid indicates the presence of SO42- ions
Part III
Procedure: During the test, add dilute hydrochloric acid to the sample containing CO32-.
CO32- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) โ CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
โ๏ธโโ๏ธโCO2(g) is given off
*CO2(g) turns limewater milky
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