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2.83 Describe tests for the anions:

i) Cl^-, Br^- and I^-, using dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution​

ii) SO₄^2-, using dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride solution

iii) CO₃^2-, using dilute hydrochloric acid and identifying the carbon dioxide evolved

Part I

Procedure: During the test, dissolve the sample in water. Then, add an equal amount of dilute nitric acid, followed by several drops of silver nitrate solution. Cl^-, Br^- and I^- can be identified based on the observations.

1) Ag⁺ (aq) + Cl^- (aq) → AgCl (s)

2) Ag⁺ (aq) + Br^- (aq) → AgBr (s)

3) Ag⁺ (aq) + I^- (aq) → AgI (s)

Part II

Procedure: To test for SO₄^2- ions, first add a few drops of barium chloride solution. Then add dilute hydrochloric acid.

BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO₄(s)

Part III

Procedure: During the test, add dilute hydrochloric acid to the sample containing CO₃^2-.

CO₃^2- (aq) + 2H⁺ (aq) → CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l)

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