October 10, 2022
Do you guys still remember cloning plants and animals in I/GCSE Biology?
Tissue culture
- Plants grown using cells form parent plant
- Tissue culture = growth of cells and/or tissues outside the animal or plant. Whole plants can be grown from the plant cells using tissue cultures
- Refer to I/GCSE Biology, Cells from tip of shoot taken – placed on jelly (has nutrients + chemicals to help cell divide)
- Small ball of cells made – callus
- Callus – a cluster of cells grown by tissue culture
- Callus split into calluses
- Each callus put into petroleum jelly – chemicals encourage roots + shoots to form
- Plant is planted into compost when large enough
- Easy to grow thousands of plants from one
Embryo transplants
- Cells in embryo specialise before animal born
- Specialised animal cells e.g. muscle cells can't change into other kinds of cells = cloning difficult than plants
- Embryo transplant one way of cloning animals
- Egg fertilised with sperm in lab
- Cells separated – make new embryos before the specialise (4 or 8 cells already)
- Cells transported into host mother = female organism that has had an embryo from another female implanted in her womb
Animal cell cloning
- Another animal cell cloning technique
- Nucleus of unfertilised egg cell removed + replaced with nucleus of body cell e.g. skin cell from adult animal
- Egg cell given electric shock = cell divides like a normal embryo
- When it comes to I/GCSE Biology, Embryo has genetic information of adult body cell
- First done on sheep – people concerned about it being done on humans
That's all~